Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): clinical features

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): clinical features. NPH starts in adulthood: after age of 40 years. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Onset features

  • NPH starts in adulthood: after age of 40 years
  • It usually starts in the sixth to eighth decades

Diagnostic (Hakim) triad

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Cognitive features

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Gait disturbance: types

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Gait features

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Posture features

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Urinary features

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Associated features

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Neuropsychiatric features

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Other associated features

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References

  1. Kiefer M, Unterberg A. The differential diagnosis and treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012; 109:15-26.
  2. Krauss JK, Regel JP, Droste DW, Orszagh M, Borremans JJ, Vach W. Movement disorders in adult hydrocephalus. Mov Disord 1997; 12:53-60.
  3. Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, et al. Diagnosing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2005; 57:S4-S16.
  4. Stolz H, Kuhtz-Buschbeck JP, Drucke H, Illert M, Deuschl G. Comparative analysis of the gait disorder of normal pressure hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease. JNNP 2001; 70:289-297.
  5. Gallia GL, Rigamonti D, Williams MA. The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006; 7:375-381.
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